The Bible uses the word “elder” in many different connections. In each case, the context will show, however, how the word is to be understood.
“The Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words,” by W.E.Vine, gives a fairly accurate description of the meaning of the word “elder,” with the exception of several related or unrelated blatant mistakes, as will be pointed out by us through annotations in brackets:
Vine’s commentary states the following:
“A. Adjectives
“1. PRESBUTEROS…, an adjective, the comparative degree of ‘presbus,’ an old man, an elder, is used
“(a) of age, whether of the elder of two persons, Luke 15:25, or more, John 8:9, ‘the eldest’;
“or of a person advanced in life, a senior, Acts 2:17;
“in [Hebrews] 11:2, the ‘elders’ are the forefathers in Israel [including spiritual teachers]; so in [Matthew] 15:2; Mark 7:3,5;
“the feminine of the adjective is used of elder women in the churches, 1 [Timothy] 5:2, not in respect of position but in seniority of age;
“(b) of rank or positions of responsibility,
“(1) among Gentiles, as in… [Genesis] 50:7; [Numbers] 22:7;
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